chore(libterm/stdio): printf reworked, vsnprintf() and snprintf()

ROADMAP.md

@@ -23,12 +23,11 @@
 
 ### v0.5.4 (The Shell Update)
 *Focus: Interactive Userspace*
-- [ ] **Userspace Shell (`termosh`)**
+- [x] **Userspace Shell (`termosh`)**
     - Porting `ksh` logic into a standalone `.hot` binary.
     - Standard I/O abstraction (stdin/stdout) to pass keyboard input to active process.
-- [ ] **Basic Utils**
+- [ ] ~~**Basic Utils** (`ls`, `cat`, `echo`)~~ *(Moved to v0.6.1 — awaiting Apple-style API)*
-    - `ls`, `cat`, `echo`, `ver` as standalone programs.
+
-    - Remove built-in commands from the kernel.
 
 ---
 
@@ -36,6 +35,11 @@
 *Goal: Total independence from external libraries and architectural hygiene.*
 
 ### v0.6.0 (Architecture Overhaul)
+- [ ] **System-wide Naming & API Refactoring (Apple-style)**
+    - Replace generic types with PascalCase branding (`u64` -> `UInt64`, `i32` -> `Int32`).
+    - Standardize system prefixes: `VM` for Virtual Memory, `OS` for Core, `CPU` for HAL.
+    - Transition from `snake_case` to `PascalCase` for all kernel functions and structures.
+    - Implement `OSReturn` status codes for unified error handling.
 - [ ] **Bootloader Independence**
     - Remove `posix-uefi` library.
     - Write custom UEFI entry point (pure PE).

userspace/init/src/main.c

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2026 0xKarinyash
 
 #include <process.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
 
+// TODO: read .cfg and spawn what stated there
 int main() {
-    wait(spawn("/bin/termosh")); // TODO: read .cfg and spawn what stated there
+    while (1) {
-    printf("\nbaiii");
+        i32 pid = spawn("/bin/termosh");
-    return 0;
+        if (pid < 0) return pid;
+        wait(pid);
+    }
 }

userspace/libterm/inc/stdio.h

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <types.h>
 
-void printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+int printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+int snprintf(char* str, u64 size, const char* fmt, ...);
 int getchar();
 char* gets(char* str);
 char* gets_s(char* str, u64 size);

userspace/libterm/src/stdio.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #define EOF (-1)
+#define PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
 
 extern u64 sys_read(u64 fd, void* buf, u64 len);
 extern u64 sys_write(u64 fd, const void* buf, u64 len);
@@ -15,65 +16,111 @@ static void putchar(char c) {
     sys_write(1, &c, 1);
 }
 
-static void print_str(const char* str) {
+static inline void buf_add(char* str, u64 size, u64* written, char c) {
-    if (!str) str = "(null)";
+    if (*written < size - 1 && size > 0) {
-    sys_write(1, str, strlen(str));
+        str[*written] = c;
-}
-
-static void print_dec(long long n) {
-    if (n < 0) {
-        putchar('-');
-        n = -n;
     }
-    unsigned long long u = (unsigned long long)n;
+    (*written)++;
-    char buffer[32];
-    int i = 0;
-    do {
-        buffer[i++] = (u % 10) + '0';
-        u /= 10;
-    } while (u > 0);
-    while (--i >= 0) putchar(buffer[i]);
 }
 
-static void print_hex(unsigned long long u, int padding) {
+int vsnprintf(char* str, u64 size, const char* fmt, va_list args) {
-    char buffer[16];
+    u64 written = 0;
-    int i = 0;
+    for (u32 i = 0; fmt[i] != '\0'; i++) {
-    const char* hex_chars = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        if (fmt[i] == '%') {
+            i++;
+            if (fmt[i] == '\0') break;
+            switch (fmt[i]) {
+                case 's': {
+                    const char* s = va_arg(args, const char*);
+                    if (!s) s = "(null)";
+                    while (*s) buf_add(str, size, &written, *s++);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'c': {
+                    char c = (char)va_arg(args, int);
+                    buf_add(str, size, &written, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'd': {
+                    i64 n = va_arg(args, int);
+                    if (n < 0) {
+                        buf_add(str, size, &written, '-');
+                        n = -n;
+                    }
+                    u64 u = (u64)n;
+                    char tmp[32];
+                    i32 pos = 0;
+                    if (u == 0) tmp[pos++] = '0';
+                    while (u > 0) {
+                        tmp[pos++] = (u % 10) + '0';
+                        u /= 10;
+                    }
 
-    do {
+                    while (pos > 0) buf_add(str, size, &written, tmp[--pos]);
-        buffer[i++] = hex_chars[u % 16];
+                    break;
-        u /= 16;
+                }
-    } while (u > 0);
+                case 'x':
+                case 'X': {
+                    u64 u = va_arg(args, unsigned long long);
+                    u8 padding = (fmt[i] == 'X') ? 16 : 0;
 
-    while (i < padding) buffer[i++] = '0';
+                    char tmp[32];
+                    int pos = 0;
+                    const char* hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
                     
-    print_str("0x");
+                    if (u == 0 && padding == 0) tmp[pos++] = '0';
-    while (--i >= 0) putchar(buffer[i]);
+                    while (u > 0) {
+                        tmp[pos++] = hex[u % 16];
+                        u /= 16;
+                    }
+
+                    while (pos < padding) tmp[pos++] = '0';
+                    while (pos > 0) buf_add(str, size, &written, tmp[--pos]);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case '%': {
+                    buf_add(str, size, &written, '%');
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    buf_add(str, size, &written, '%');
+                    buf_add(str, size, &written, fmt[i]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            buf_add(str, size, &written, fmt[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (size > 0) {
+        if (written < size) str[written] = '\0';
+        else str[size - 1] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    return (int)written;
 }
 
-void printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+int snprintf(char* str, usize size, const char* fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    int ret = vsnprintf(str, size, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
 
-    for (int i = 0; fmt[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+    int len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);    
-        if (fmt[i] == '%') {
-            i++;
-            switch (fmt[i]) {
-                case 's': print_str(va_arg(args, const char*)); break;
-                case 'c': putchar((char)va_arg(args, int));     break;
-                case 'd': print_dec(va_arg(args, int));         break;
-                case 'x': print_hex(va_arg(args, unsigned long long), 0);  break;
-                case 'X': print_hex(va_arg(args, unsigned long long), 16); break;
-                case '%': putchar('%'); break;
-                default:  putchar(fmt[i]); break;
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            putchar(fmt[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
     va_end(args);
+
+    u64 write_len = ((u64)len < sizeof(buf)) ? len : (sizeof(buf) - 1);
+    sys_write(1, buf, write_len);
+    
+    return (int)write_len;
 }
 
 int getchar() {

userspace/termosh/src/main.c

@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ int main() {
             case TOKEN_CLEAR: not_implemented_yet(); break;
             case TOKEN_HELP: not_implemented_yet(); break;
             case TOKEN_SPAWN: if (tokens_count >= 2) cmd_spawn(tokens[1]); break;
-            default: printf("Unknown command\n"); break;
+            default: {
+                char buff[256];
+                snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "/bin/%s", tokens[0]);
+                cmd_spawn(buff);
+            }
         }
     }
 }